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January 11, 2007
By the Waters of Babylon
A flash from the Religious News Service today -- stop the presses! Catholic liturgical tsars and tsarinas are angry that for the first time since the Novus Ordo was instituted in the 1960's, the Mass will be translated into English. For those of you who aren't Roman Catholic, the Latin text had been folded, spindled, and mutilated, stretched like bubble gum, amputated here and there, diluted everywhere, phrases lopped off, others twisted out of joint, in general to bring the Father down to earth where he belongs. Italians say that every traduttore is a traditore, meaning that every translator is a traitor; but that treachery can never be laid to the charge of the people who brought us the Novus Ordo in Anguish, because they never really bothered to translate in the first place.
Still, the press release is a study in bureaucratic vagueness and ecclesiastical subterfuge, such as the faithful of any denomination can enjoy. Since the committee here named is not strong on translating, I will provide the service myself, in interpolated remarks:
The Catholic Academy of Liturgy met on January 4, 2007, in Toronto, Canada, prior to the annual meeting of the North American Academy of Liturgy. The keynote speaker was Bishop Donald Trautman of Erie, Pennsylvania and chair of the Bishops' Committee on the Liturgy of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB).
Bishop Trautman, who it is said does not like to be called Bishop Trautperson, has been one of the two or three bishops most responsible for the desacralized language of the liturgy. It is no surprise that there are fewer seminarians in his diocese than there used to be fish in Lake Erie. The government cleaned the one pool --
In his address entitled "When Should Liturgists be Prophetic?"
Nothing like donning the mantle of prophecy -- after one has doffed every other liturgical mantle in sight. Of course, bishops should be obedient first, and if they are, they may be granted a gift of prophecy, or even a gift of speaking in tongues. Alas, too often the bishops of every denomination speak out from their balconies, and all the assembled people below hear them -- and they seem to each to be speaking in somebody else's language.
Trautman raised concerns
Everybody these days "raises concerns." If they raised welts, they'd be more honest.
about current directions in the revision
It is, as I've said, the first real translation, rather than paraphrase.
now underway of the English edition of the Roman missal being prepared by the International Commission on English in the Liturgy (ICEL). The first edition in English of the Roman Missal was issued in 1973. Drawing on biblical scholarship, historical theology, and his many years of pastoral experience as a bishop,
None of which are to the point. A translator from Latin into English needs to know two things: Latin, and English. Now if the Latin is ecclesiastical, and highly allusive to Scripture, and steeped in theological terminology, in exegesis, and in typological symbolism, then he ought to know those things too, which is another way of saying that he ought to know the peculiar form of the Latin he is translating. But what Bishop Trautman neglects to say is that the old transmuters of the text had bleached away the scriptural allusions. Two egregious examples: the clear and potent spatio-temporal allusion to Malachi, "ab oriente ad occasum," "from the rising of the sun to its setting," has been flattened down to "from east to west"; and the powerful words of the centurion, "Domine, non sum dignus ut intres sub tectum meum," "Lord, I am not worthy that you should enter under my roof," has been flattened down to "Lord, I am not worthy to receive you." With what pastoral consequences, every wise Catholic knows: empty liturgies in vacuous non-scriptural language make for empty pews and churches converted to antique shops.
he contended that the new translations do not adequately meet the needs of the average Catholic
Note the condescension.
and expressed fears that the significant changes in the texts no longer reflect understandable English usage.
The Bishop is worried about two things. One, he thinks that if you say, "Peace on earth, good will to men," some people will actually be in doubt whether Cissy and Flossie are included. Nobody is in doubt about that; nobody, upon hearing, "It's a night not fit for man nor beast," will recommend that therefore Lulabelle should go out to corral the horses. I could argue at great length that the troweled-over Ken-doll language is unfaithful to the original text, sometimes confusing and often plain dumb in English, and ultimately heretical (for one thing, it leads to the dilution of the name "Father"), but I'll leave that for another blog. His Excellency is also worried that the people will not understand theological terms such as "consubstantial," which will replace "one in being with" in the Creed. No question he's right about that. You dumb down your liturgy, dumb down your sermons, dumb down your catechizing, dumb down your schools, and then, then you discover that your people are not too bright. Well, there is an alternative. Why not try teaching?
Trautman argued that the proposed changes of the people's parts during Mass will confuse the faithful and predicted that the new texts will contribute to a greater number of departures from the Catholic church.
He meaneth, forsooth, an even greater number of departures. You're sinking in quicksand and there's a willow branch over your head. Don't grab hold of it -- it might snap. By the way, let it be noted that solicitude for the feelings of Catholics in the pews was never very high among liturgical innovators, who didn't care at all, say, whether anybody would be confused by revisions of well-known Christmas carols. Then the rubes had to learn their lessons. Call it the post-Vatican II Eat Your Peas ecclesiology.
The Bishop cited various problematic texts, criticizing their awkward structure and arcane vocabulary
Repeat after me: nothing is worse than the banal. For the innovators, any periodic sentence was too long; any complex subordination was awkward. As for the arcane vocabulary, well, it's just not the lingo of the man in the street, nor should it be. The Bishop makes it sound as if we'll all be speaking the language of Richard Hooker, rather than some other more recent person of that denomination. 'Tain't so.
that would be very difficult for the priest to pray aloud and for the people to follow. Just as problematic for Trautman was the recent decision to change the words of consecration that refer to Christ's blood being shed "for all" to "for many." That change could easily be misinterpreted as denying the faith of the Roman Catholic Church that [sic] Christ died for all people.
The Latin reads "pro multis," "for many" or, thinking of the Greek, "for the many." It does not imply that Christ did not die to save all men; it also does not imply that all men will be saved. Got a problem with it? Change the Latin.
Bishop Trautman challenged Catholic liturgical scholars of North America to assist the bishops in promoting a liturgy that is [sic] accessible and pastorally aware [sic].
A liturgy cannot be "aware". That distinction is reserved for people, and often not for too many of them, either. Of course, he is worried that the liturgy will offend the feminists. If only! As for its being inaccessible, I have a well-worn missal used by my grandmother long ago that makes our current Mass look like The Poky Little Puppy. If she could be taught, so can we.
He urged them, in a spirit of respect and love for the Church,
The Bishops have consistently defied the Church
to be courageous in resisting those developments that would render the liturgy incomprehensible and betray the intention of the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965).
Never, though, courageous in opposing the Spirit of the Age, or courageous in calling one's own fraternity to repentance. Note that the Second Vatican Council is called in, exactly as certain justices conjure up not the Constitution (which does not say what they wish) but the Specter of the Constitution (which always does). Such Specters can be awfully obliging -- for a time, and times, and half a time.
Posted by Anthony Esolen at 11:54 PM | Permalink
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Comments
A most excellent article. But for the high style and erudition, I would have called it a "fisking" of Triteman. Sorry...my Lord Trautman.
Posted by: coco | Jan 12, 2007 4:55:12 AM
Touche, Tony!
Posted by: James A. Altena | Jan 12, 2007 6:55:30 AM
Dr. Esolen seems to be channeling Mr. Podles today.
Posted by: Darren | Jan 12, 2007 7:59:04 AM
Thank you, Prof. Esolen! Does the Bishop mind having Troutman spelled that way or are we limited to the modern Trautman?
His Excellency's comments remind me of a homily once given at a local Chicago area parish by a lady friend of the pastor. She started her profound lesson with a bit of information about herself, "My name is Karyn, spelled with a 'y' and not an 'e'. It upsets me when people assume that I spell my name with an 'e'.'" The homily never got any better after that.
When I protested Karyn's improvisational act to the pastor and advised him against allowing lay homilists, I was accused of being an anti-Christian element within the parish.
Posted by: John Hetman | Jan 12, 2007 8:52:14 AM
I always love your posts, Tony, but when you get going on translation and/or so-called "generic" language, I LOVE them! Thanks for this.
I am waiting impatiently to get your translation of Dante. You write eloquently and you care about language -- it's got to be excellent.
Posted by: Beth | Jan 12, 2007 9:25:03 AM
Believe you me, Beth, it is excellent.
Posted by: Ethan Cordray | Jan 12, 2007 9:43:23 AM
>>>Bishop Trautman, who it is said does not like to be called Bishop Trautperson<<<
Funny, funny, funny!
Posted by: Peter P | Jan 12, 2007 10:18:47 AM
'Lex orandi, lex crendi' - way you pray is the way you believe.
His Excellency is also worried that the people will not understand theological terms such as "consubstantial," which will replace "one in being with" in the Creed. No question he's right about that. You dumb down your liturgy, dumb down your sermons, dumb down your catechizing, dumb down your schools, and then, then you discover that your people are not too bright.
If it his Excellencies concern that consubstantial will be too much for his flock to comprehend then he needs to be more concerned about their fundamental lack of Christology than he appears to be. I’m no fan of the Novus Ordo, indeed if I was Pope for a day I would go back to the 1963 missal, albeit in the vernacular, and any reforms from that point forward would be organic, not striking departures like the Novus Ordo. Does anyone know what became of the ‘universal indult,’ that was supposedly coming down the pike that would allow priests to say the Tridentine Mass without needing permission from the bishop?
Posted by: Bob Gardner | Jan 12, 2007 10:20:59 AM
If Prof. Esolen's translation of Dante is anything like his translation of Tasso, then it is bound to be a dramatic improvement over most of the existing translations. He is one translator who is definitely not a traitor to his material.
Posted by: Mark in Spokane | Jan 12, 2007 11:09:40 AM
Thank you, thank you, thank you!!!!! For a long time, I've felt the same way about the hymns our choir sings (don't really get me started!) -- the use of "inclusive" language -- fie upon it! -- and other sins like it. Last night at practice, for instance, we rehearsed "The Church's One Foundation" which is now entitled, "O Christ, the Great Foundation" -- whaaa??? You're right, the liturgy has been dumbed down to the point of idiocy, and this is reflected in the lack of reverence at Mass, people strolling past the Tabernacle w/out genuflecting, chewing gum while receiving Holy Communion (yecchh!), etc., etc. Well, I obviously got started, sorry for the rant, but as a "fossil" of 60, all this s***t going on in the Presence of Our Lord is really starting to get to me. Thank God He has infinite patience ...
Posted by: chloesmom | Jan 12, 2007 11:12:49 AM
The most vile "inclusive language" "anti-patriarchal" version of a hymn I ever encountered began thus:
Joy to the world,
Our Christ is come
On earth Shalom to bring!
Posted by: James A. Altena | Jan 12, 2007 12:55:11 PM
We have an overly energetic young priest in Chicago who refuses to say "He/Him" or "Father" at all during the Mass, substituting "Christ" or "God" wherever (in)appropriate.
This creates such memorable moments as:
"Blessed is Christ who comes in the name..."
"On the night Christ was betrayed, Christ took bread in his hands. Christ broke the bread. Christ gave it to Christ's disciples....when supper was ended Christ took the cup. Again Christ gave you thanks and praise..."
I am not making this up. My personal favorite:
"Through Christ, with Christ, in Christ, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, all glory and honor is yours, Almighty God..."
Listening to the endless repetitions of names, I sometimes find my mind wandering back to the old "School House Rock" song from my youth about pronouns, in which a cartoon narrator named Rufus Xavier Sasparilla intones: "Sayin' all those nouns over and over can really wear you down..."
But please don't tell Bishop Trautman that I slack off in my expected, post-Vatican II "full and active participation"...
Posted by: TG | Jan 12, 2007 1:29:00 PM
>>>Joy to the world,
Our Christ is come
On earth Shalom to bring!<<<
So what was the problem -- "let earth receive her king" is sexist?
Posted by: Judy Warner | Jan 12, 2007 1:34:42 PM
TG:
"Young?" But I thought all the young RC priests were of the JPII generation and didn't do that sort of thing?
Posted by: Penny | Jan 12, 2007 1:49:58 PM
Dr. Esolen:
I have been appreciatng you by proxy for several years now (must get around to cracking your Dante one of these days), and laughed and cheered my way through this commentary, with a special place in my heart for the "rising/setting sun....under my roof" passage. I had already declared this a "fisking" even before reading the comment to that effect.
From there my slightly 60's-addled brain free-associated to "Traut-fisking in America" (not addled enough that I ever read Brautigan, despite growing up in proximity to him--insufficient grooviness on my part, I'm sure).
I have often described our Catholic lifetime as forty years of wandering in the liturgical desert-- is't possible we are at last laying wearied eyes upon the distant Promised Land?
Posted by: Pat and Brendan's mom | Jan 12, 2007 2:18:11 PM
Penny, I think that characterization is certainly true among young *diocesan* priests, who are indeed much more orthodox in my experience. There are exceptions, though, especially in the religious orders (see the Jesuits), where a very small number of young ordinands keep the flame of the 60's burning as best they can...
The priest in question is a Vincentian, actually, at DePaul University, which has long since abandoned even the pretense of respect for Catholic teaching.
Posted by: TG | Jan 12, 2007 2:37:13 PM
Is it me or telling our good Lord to make me(a phrase contained in many of the prayers) seem a bit arrogant? I wonder what the original Latin was for (make me)? Will this phrase be changed? It is so meaningful.
Posted by: Fr Fitzgibbons | Jan 12, 2007 3:35:51 PM
TG, if you had simply written Vincentian at DePaul University, everyone would have nodded their comprehension.
DePaul was once a great urban university that now has decayed into moral corruption, and capitulation to our degenerate society.
Posted by: John Hetman | Jan 12, 2007 3:39:27 PM
John, Chloe's Mom, Pat and Brendan's Mom, Ethan, Beth, everybody,
Thanks for taking up the rallying cry! One day we will be able to say, to the tsars and tsarinas, "Um, THAT PERSON who laughs last, laughs best."
Funny thing about the Dante translation: in the intro and the notes I used standard old fashioned perfectly understandable and even eloquent "man" and "mankind" to refer to "a human person, like" and "humanity all summed up in one representative being, you know" and "the race of all people, taken like together." Nobody has complained. Nobody at secular Random House complained; no readers have complained; as far as I know, no reviewers have complained. It may be that some feminist teacher of Dante somewhere in the world broke out in a bad case of acne, but I'm not aware of it, and in any case Dante scholars tend not to be too politically correct, Deo gratias.
Posted by: Tony Esolen | Jan 12, 2007 3:53:48 PM
Tony, that's just begging some zealous womyn's studies department chair to go through it with a black marker, in the spirit of Thomas Jefferson.
Looking at pop culture is sometimes heartening, just to be reminded that certain tendencies are a lot weaker than their proponents would like them to be. Some things just haven't clicked with the average man on the street.
Posted by: Ethan Cordray | Jan 12, 2007 5:38:18 PM
"Domine, non sum dignus ut intres sub tectum meum," "Lord, I am not worthy that you should enter under my roof," has been flattened down to "Lord, I am not worthy to receive you."
Maybe this will be the last year that I have to explain this to my 6th grade Sunday School class.
Posted by: Christian | Jan 12, 2007 7:27:53 PM
I prophosize that 99% of the changes would go completely un-noticed by the average catholic if made unannounced.
I futher prophosize that, announced, 89% of the changes will go un-noticed and the remining 24% will be greeted, not with the great apostosy, but with a collectve, "Huh? Oh, Ok, So what's for lunch"?
Posted by: slowboy | Jan 12, 2007 8:10:02 PM
Anthony, I don't find your arguments terribly convincing. Like most of the commentariat at St Blog's, and most blog hosts, you can't seem to avoid the trap of petty insults and namecalling. If you have a good point to make, make the point and get on with it. If you need to resort to sandbox language, it can be hard to sort out an otherwise valid opposition to Trautman from, say, a difference of opinion between first graders in the sandbox.
I do agree with the sense that English-speaking lay Catholics will eventually render a thunbs-up or down on the new liturgical texts. Yours, mine, or Trautman's input won't alter that a whole lot. Problem is, once we're in that situation, there's not a whole lot the laity can do about it, is there? Maybe the CDWDS is playing us all for rubes.
The list of possible choices should be wider than 1967-75's admittedly poor job and 2002-07's mixed effort. I wouldn't see the problem with having an English edition used as a source for modern languages in which the curia lacks competence, so long as individual English nations could have the option of their own rendition.
I also don't see the problem with original prayers composed in the vernacular of any nation, given Roman approval. If we wanted to have a Book of the Chair, say, that harmonized more closely with the Lectionary cycle, why wouldn't that be a positive development? Is the Vatican in favor of a tighter integration of the Word of God, or not?
"A translator from Latin into English needs to know two things: Latin, and English."
What if we need more than simple translators? Computers know English and Latin, too. Why wouldn't we turn it all over to them?
The reason, my friend, is that prayer that has a prayer of accomplishing a deeper sense of the sanctification of the faithful, should include much more than the literal rendering of Latin words to another language. Ben Stein can deliver a great line in a comedy movie looking for Ferris, but do you really want him doing MacBeth? A press publicist from the White House or Hollywood can communicate what they want you to know, but wouldn't you prefer to read the prose of an author who has a deeper grasp of the truth and can communicate it as well? Is Catholic worship more about the setting of a Catechism to recto tono chant or the sublime poetry produced by the countless medieval poets who gave us a Catholic hymn tradition?
The bottom line is this: an accurate translation of Latin should not be the goal here. What we need is an inspirational one. I don't see the new regime at ICEL as capable of giving us that. But you do have a point on how the laity are treated in all this mess. This translation business is too important to be left in the hands of linguists and bureaucrats alone, no matter what their Latin IV final exam result may have been.
Posted by: Todd | Jan 12, 2007 8:46:43 PM
"The bottom line is this: an accurate translation of Latin should not be the goal here. What we need is an inspirational one."
You miss the point Todd - the position of the Church is that the official text of the Mass, which is the Latin text, is not just inspirational, but quite literally INSPIRED. The images and allusions are intended for all (or at least for the many)Catholics everywhere, and are intended to communicate on several levels. Take out the specific image, you lose 70% -90% of the message, and instead of the Church's universal vision, you get the translator's personal vision, with all his personal limitations.
Translating a passage such as "Lord I am not worthy that you should enter under my roof" literally is not simply an exercise in Latinity: it reconnects us directly to the scriptural context and puts us, the speakers, directly in the sandals of that centurion (the word becomes flesh, as it were).
In addition, the specificity and concreteness of the image grabs our attention and sticks in our memory; "I am not worthy to receive you" is so abstract and generic that it has no emotional impact.
The earliest English translations of the Mass translated this passage literally. When I was about seven years old (1969-70)they switched to the current translation. I felt sad, if only because the first way was more interesting. And even at seven years old I could figure out what it meant.
Ave atque vale!
Posted by: James M. | Jan 12, 2007 9:36:57 PM
While agreeing with much of what you say, I'd be just a bit cautious about using the 'from East to West' example. Two difficulties: (a) if Catholics are to recognise the Scriptural allusion, then Scripture text and liturgical text need to match up. For better or worse, the Biblical text which most Catholics use is the JB and that renders Malachi 1:11 as 'from east to west'; (b)for us, 'from the rising of the sun' etc probably conveys more a temporal than a spatial meaning (morning to evening), yet the Hebrew is clearly spatial as indicated by the parallel clause in Malchi 'and in every place...' The Latin is also predominantly spatial so it's a question more of poetic expression than accuracy of translation. In which case, rather than 'from the rising of the sun' etc you would probably be beytter with an expression like 'from earth's wide bounds to ocean's farthest coast' which would put in play another set of resonances!
Posted by: Michael Tait | Jan 13, 2007 3:34:52 AM
It's 8:15 a.m. and my day has already been made.
Of course, it can only go downhill after reading that.
I needed to hear that and I REALLY needed to laugh out loud, so THANK YOU.
Posted by: Karen | Jan 13, 2007 7:19:18 AM
Only those who have a particular agenda will react to any change in the liturgy. The average Catholic in the average Church be they man, woman, adult or child will be ho hum before the month is out. We are in a culture that changes so fast; and has so many options that most people accept these changes without too much comment. It is only those who understand what is at stake here react in positive or negative ways (depending on their particular agenda).
Reaction from conservative or progressive is gauged by how serious the change might affect their particular "political" stance.
All this being said;
I will out as a conservative and from my heart say this. We are living out the prophecy of Pope Leo XIII and Pope Paul VI. The smoke of Satan has entered the church. Now notice the wording here "smoke" - Our Lord promised that the gates of hell would not prevail; but fires set(outside the gates)with a strong wind behind it tend to penetrate deeper. Fire damages structure and can be rebuilt. Smoke penetrates so deep that somethings are damaged permanently and thus are destroyed...liturgy; hierachy; priesthood; religious life; laity life.
So we see if Leo XIII did have an accurate estimation, some of us may yet see the end of this 100 years and perhaps participate in the rebuilding of this earthly kingdom. But wait - aren't we supposed to be seeking a heavenly kingdom; our eternal home?
Posted by: solibeata | Jan 13, 2007 8:11:14 AM
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Posted by: IPSO Lady | Jan 13, 2007 8:55:01 AM
You know, making a liturgy for the average Catholic would also have to account for the average catholic being late, so skip everything up to the first reading, and they'll also have to cut everything after communion, as the church doors are usually swinging by then.
How about this, instead: Challenge us! Make thinking during Mass necessary. Don't give us room to be pondering our 2 o'clock tee time, or last night's movie, or any of the myriad things that average catholics probably think about during Mass. Church should not be just a Eucharistic vending machine.
My parish, in Lincoln, is pretty good, compared to other diocese that I've been in. Pray that our shepherds will lead us to sustaining pastures, not just pretty ones.
Posted by: st. Jimbob of the Apokalypse | Jan 13, 2007 9:02:40 AM
Rule of thumb: If the bishops set the bar low, the laity will live down to their expectations.
Posted by: Stuart Koehl | Jan 13, 2007 9:12:32 AM
"You miss the point Todd - the position of the Church is that the official text of the Mass, which is the Latin text, is not just inspirational, but quite literally INSPIRED."
A question and a comment:
Where does it say that?
And yes, I would agree about "inspired" except with no caps, not even the first letter. And it's inspired in the same way that a Monteverdi Vespers, or an impulsive gesture of kindness is inspired. But not the same way as the Scriptures.
Posted by: Todd | Jan 13, 2007 10:29:00 AM
>>>"You miss the point Todd - the position of the Church is that the official text of the Mass, which is the Latin text, is not just inspirational, but quite literally INSPIRED."<<<
That's a minor overstatement. I would also say that, insofar as the Ordo Paulus VI is something of an artifact rather than the culmination of organic development, it's only as inspired as the conclave of liturgical experts who put it together.
Posted by: Stuart Koehl | Jan 13, 2007 10:57:21 AM
Todd,
Thanks for your comments.
Let's back up a little bit. I've published translations of Lucretius (Latin), Tasso (Italian), and Dante (Italian). That's poetry, almost 50,000 lines of it. I know that you can't translate poetry on a word-by-word basis; you can't even translate prose that way. Languages don't allow for it.
I am not accusing the old ICEL committee of having come up with a bad translation. I am accusing them, over and over, of having come up with NO translation at all. And this, as a translator, I find offensive and unconscionable. When I read the Novus Ordo in Latin a couple of summers ago -- I'd been asked to provide commentary on the second draft of the translation -- I was stunned by how poetic the language was, how filled with Scriptural allusions, and how sacral -- it was not the language of the street, or of a business memorandum. I don't have a copy of that Latin available to me now, but I can tell you that my first reaction was astonishment at how much the "translators" simply didn't bother to translate at all, but just chucked; and how much they watered down the rest, or altered it to fit a clear theological agenda.
I've said many times that I know that translators make mistakes; I can point you to plenty of my own. But these people at ICEL back in the old days weren't making mistakes. They chose to suppress the denotative and connotative meanings of the text, the eloquence and pace of the original syntax, the Scriptural allusions, and the sacral character of the diction. When you examine exactly what they did, it becomes clear that they had a theological agenda.
Now Bishop Trautman and his allies are losing, thanks be to God. I pray that the next battle will be over the inane revisions of hymns.
A final point: the reason the average Catholic cannot remember any of the text of the Mass is that the language is simply not memorable. Does anybody remember an office memorandum? But EVERYBODY remembers, say, pieces of the text of the Anglican wedding service. That's because it IS memorable. Dante is memorable. The parables of Jesus are memorable. Your kid sister's poetry is not. An office memo is not. The current Novus Ordo is not.
Posted by: Tony Esolen | Jan 13, 2007 1:57:57 PM
As a pre-Vatican II cradle Catholic I'm happy to join in the applause for Mr. Esolen's analysis of Latin and the liturgy. Consistency demands calling attention to the designation of Bishop Trautman as the "chair" of the bishops' committee. That would be true only if he were a piece of furniture, which he obviously is not. Such a designation is a relic of the dark age of political correctness which willy-nilly abandoned "chairman" and its opposite-gender equivalent.
Posted by: Bill Loughlin | Jan 13, 2007 2:03:56 PM
Dear Dr. Esolen:
I wanted to correct your numbers regarding the number of seminarians in Erie, PA. According the Catholic World Report story in 2005 (here), Erie ranked 53rd of all US dioceses. Not all that great, but not all that bad either, as it is in the top third of all US dioceses.
Now, regarding the rest of your post, well, I look forward to a new Missal. Perhaps not as much as you, but that doesn't matter.
Posted by: Andy K. | Jan 13, 2007 4:04:56 PM
“A question and a comment:
Where does it say that?”
Try the Catechism of the Catholic Church #1099: “The Spirit and the Church cooperate to manifest Christ and his work of salvation in the liturgy . . . The Holy Spirit is the Church’s living memory.” You might want to read the entire section from 1091 - 1112 entitled “The Holy Spirit And The Church In The Liturgy.” I submit that this does require a capital “I”. In any case, the Church appears to be claiming a higher level of inspiration than one finds in “a Monteverdi Vespers, or an impulsive gesture of kindness.”
Also, you don’t address my main point, which is that the current translation is faithful to neither the letter nor the spirit of the authoritative text of the Mass, and that we do better to rely on the wisdom of the Church than on the choices of a human translator in rendering the language and imagery of the liturgy. I suggest that a Mass closer in language and spirit to the authoritative text (whether in English, Latin, or a mix of both) would be a great improvement over what most of us experience in our parishes. Tony Esolen’s most recent post seems to confirm this, as do the following: The Spirit of the Liturgy by the then Cardinal Ratzinger, “The Mass of Vatican II” by Joseph Fessio, S.J. (www.ignatiusinsight.com/features2005/fessio_massv2_1_jan05.asp - 60k - ). Also the following by our own Pr.Esolen: http://crisismagazine.com/september2006/esolen.htm
Posted by: James M. | Jan 13, 2007 4:09:06 PM
Dr. Esolen:
Thank you for this and thank you for your response to Todd. Especially.
Posted by: terry | Jan 13, 2007 6:37:30 PM
"I am not accusing the old ICEL committee of having come up with a bad translation. I am accusing them, over and over, of having come up with NO translation at all."
Well. This could be a question of semantics. You start with a body of work in Latin. You end up with something in English. Rome and English-speaking bishops all approve it. And everything is done by the rules set down in 1969.
Some of the contemporary complaints about the English translation of Roman Missal I strike me as a bit disingenuous. "Jerry West wasn't such a great shooter. He never made a three-point basket in his whole career" The last statement would obviously be correct, but does the first follow from it?
"A final point: the reason the average Catholic cannot remember any of the text of the Mass is that the language is simply not memorable."
A lot of it is "memorable" in the sense that people have it memorized. But I do agree with you on the poverty of the translation of the 70's. It was only intended to be in place till the 80's anyway. My progressive colleagues were chafing at the many delays with Roman Missal II long before it became an issue with people who were reading the Latin texts.
One doesn't need a close translation of Latin to produce something memorable. Dickens didn't. Nor Frost, Cather, or any number of artists of the English language. I've been disappointed with the language of the Mass since I was in grad school twenty years ago. But I honestly don't see much to be relived about with what's coming down the pike soon. More pedestrian work, when what we needed was artistry.
Posted by: Todd | Jan 13, 2007 8:23:12 PM
>>>Well. This could be a question of semantics. You start with a body of work in Latin. You end up with something in English. Rome and English-speaking bishops all approve it. And everything is done by the rules set down in 1969.<<<
There are generally considered to be two different schools of thought on translation. One is called "word for word" or "phrase for phrase"; it attempts to stay as close to the language of the original text as possible, making accommodations only for grammar and syntax, and altering the text only when an idiom would be completely incomprehensible. The second approach is called "dynamic equivalence", in which the translator determines what the text MEANS, and then puts it into words that best capture the meaning. However, this injects the opinions of the translator into the text far more than does the word-for-word approach. In fact, it makes the translator an overt mediator of the text, in effect TELLING the reader what the text says, rather than presenting the text to the reader and allowing him to make up his own mind. By determining a priori the MEANING of the text and then presenting it in language that precludes other meanings, the translator using dynamic equivalence hijacks the author's original intent and interposes his own.
All this of course, is well beyond paraphrasing, to which, I am afraid, ICEL does at times descend--as I am forcefully reminded several times every year with particularly infelicitous renderings of certain readings in the lectionary.
Posted by: Stuart Koehl | Jan 13, 2007 9:00:41 PM
An invigorating discussion. I'll bet that Todd and I would agree most of the time on what we regard as faithful and unfaithful, or felicitous and infelicitous renderings of the text. I'd like to add one remark, about something that we're apt to forget, and please forgive me, everyone, if you've heard it from me before.
As translators, ICEL worked with several considerable advantages that somebody like me does not enjoy:
They were translating prose into prose, or unmetered verses into rhythmic prose (the Psalms).
They had plenty of tradition to back up their renderings; they also could use somewhat old-fashioned words without embarrassment. I'm not talking about obsolete inflections ("doth", for instance), but rather such words as "hallow," which are almost never used outside of the liturgy.
They could do NOTHING and be praised for it; they did not have to worry about plagiarism. In fact, had they retained most of the renderings in the Saint Joseph Missal, they'd have produced something vastly superior to what we've had all these years. Or had they just stuck to the first translation of the Novus Ordo, we'd have been better off.
I agree that committees often -- the KJV is a most notable exception, but also only a partial exception at that -- produce poor work. But ICEL under the self-styled "progressives" never gave a rat's tail about poetry or eloquence. If they HAD, they'd not have vandalized and whitewashed and castrated the hymns. Don't get me started on that one ... I could list for you, if I had enough time, over 400 hymns they botched, getting the grammar wrong, the theology wrong, the meter wrong, the poetry wrong, the imagery wrong, suppressing Scripture and blurring the idea of the Fatherhood of God, not to mention the manhood of Jesus, all to pursue their theological ends.
And then there are the daily collects -- chopped, watered down, drained of all grandeur....
Posted by: Tony Esolen | Jan 13, 2007 10:49:37 PM
Dr. Esolen is completely accurate in his assessment of the ICEL translations. He does not go far enough theologically. The language of sacrifice was suppressed consistently, rendering the theology of the English liturgy Protestant (one of two matters on which all the Reformers agreed was that the Mass is not an expiatory sacrifice; the other was that bishops in apostolic succession was a man-made, ungodly, unscriptural innovation never intended by Christ). Quaesumus (we humbly beg, we beseech) along with a good bit of the subjunctive mood was suppressed (ostensibly because "beseech" was archaic but they could have found perfectly modern ways of expressing it). Whatever the reason for suppressing it, the upshot was a quasi-Pelagian theology embedded in the prayers of the Mass. And that's on top of all the problems Dr. Esolen points out. He's absolutely right that they produced no translation at all, rather, they produced a body of theological propaganda, not so much deliberately heretical as bumblingly erroneous.
For these reasons it is perhaps good that the ICEL translations were so unmemorable, so utterly banal, so awful. Unlike in the 16th century, when Cranmer, in beautiful language modified the theology of the Mass and everyone paid attention and chose sides (sometimes at the cost of their lives), in the late 1960s and early 1970s, almost no one in positions of authority cared. That's the real tragedy. People who cared pointed out how awful the translations were but those who had the power to do something about it thought the complainers were being petty. That's the real scandal--that bishops didn't get it, didn't understand how important the language of the liturgy is.
Posted by: Dennis Martin | Jan 13, 2007 11:19:45 PM
>one of two matters on which all the Reformers agreed was that the Mass is not an expiatory sacrifice
And if I've been informed correctly by the Eastern Orthodox they do not hold that either (while they do hold to transubstantiation).
Posted by: David Gray | Jan 14, 2007 4:59:18 AM
"But ICEL under the self-styled 'progressives' never gave a rat's tail about poetry or eloquence."
Not entirely accurate. It is common to speak of ICEL as if it were a monolithic organization from the late 60's to 2001. In fact, members shifted into and out of the committee. In many matters, there was wide consultation with clergy and laity, not to mention poets, musicians, and others who had important expertise to offer.
In the early years, ICEL was working under the direction from the Council itself to complete reform as expeditiously as possible. I might quibble with that priority, but there was always the sense in the 60's that the curia would try to snatch back control from the bishops as they attempted before Vatican II. Personally, I think a Sacrosanctum Concilium of 1965 and a lengthy reform of ten to twenty years might have served the Church far better. Needless to say, it's all a moot point, except for sf writers exploring alternate universes.
Certainly by the 80's when ICEL produced revised translations for Pastoral Care of the Sick, the Order of Christian Funerals, and RCIA, something of a clearly higher quality was being provided. I hear very little complaint from conservatives on that score.
I suspect that Dr Esolen and I would indeed agree on renderings of quality. But I don't see the trade of one political agenda for another is of any advantage for the Church.
It's almost become a cliche that a committee can't produce anything of value. The council documents aren't bad. Neither is the Constitution. It might take more discipline to steer a committee well. But even if you dismiss my argument, you still have to struggle with the CDWDS's thinking that two committees are better than one.
Posted by: Todd | Jan 14, 2007 6:07:05 AM
". . . (one of two matters on which all the Reformers agreed was that the Mass is not an expiatory sacrifice; the other was that bishops in apostolic succession was a man-made, ungodly, unscriptural innovation never intended by Christ)."
This is tendentiously false. As to the first statement, it depends on how one understands "expiatory" in the relation of the Eucharist to Calvary. (E.g., whether the sacrifice of the Mass is in some sense a sacrifice de novo or simply a re-presentation of the one sacrifice on Calvary.) To reject a particular notion of expiatory sacrifice (e.g. that enunciated by Trent) is not to reject all notions of it. In short, this point is much more complex than Mr. Martin's simplistic assertion supposes. He might try reading Darwell Stone's 1,2000 page "History of the Theology of the Eucharist" before making such rash and uninformed statements.
The same goes for the second part. If one counts the Church of England as Protestant (as Mr. Martin presumably would), then both it and several Scandinavian Luthran churches were most careful to preserve episcopacy and apostolic succession. Other ceontinental Reformers, including Calvin, did not believe in apostolic succession in the strict (e.g. tactile) sense as necessary, but nonetheless thought it quite desireable (e.g. see Calvin's commendation of the preservation of the episcopate to certain English Reformers). However mistaken that view, that is something very different from a claim that they regarded it as a "man-made, ungodly, unscriptural innovation never intended by Christ." Again, Mr. Martin needs to read a few standard histories of the Reformation before propounding such shopworn, threadbare, and false partisan denominational polemics.
Dear David Gray,
Actually, the Eastern Orthodox Church does *not* hold to "transubstantiation" -- at least not in the strict sense. They do hold that the elements of bread and wine are actually and mystically changed into the body and blood of Christ, but they do not endorse transubstantiation as a particular explanatory theory of that mystery. (A proper discussion of transubstantiation would require a prefatory esaay-length explanation of Aristotle's thoery of substance, and I don't propose to burden either myself or folks here with that right now.) There was a brief period where some EO writers under Western influence carelessly used the term, but subsequent EO writers have decisivley abandoned it.
As to whether the EO do or do not hold the Eucharist to be an expiatory sacrifice in any sense -- that's a point on which I'm not properly informed, and will leave for comment our EO bloggers (and Stuart). I would only point back to my previous observation that it depends on what one means by "expiatory" in relating the Eucharist to Calvary.
Posted by: James A. Altena | Jan 14, 2007 6:16:49 AM
Todd, you said:
"One doesn't need a close translation of Latin to produce something memorable. Dickens didn't. Nor Frost, Cather, or any number of artists of the English language."
A truly amazing statement. Indeed, one doesn't need a close translation of Latin to produce something memorable. One doesn't need a translation of anything at all to produce something memorable--Dickens' Little Dorrit is highly memorable, though it is not the translation of anything from another tongue; its original is English.
But if one wishes to produce a GOOD translation of a text, it must be a CLOSE translation of it. You could wind up with brilliant, beautiful, evocative poetry in translating Homer without paying too close a mind to the original Greek--and people may love it. But it that case, the English is more an original oeuvre of the "translator" than a translation of Homer. It's the terminus ad quem that would be praised in that case, rather than the transference of meaning of one tongue to another.
And I get the impression that what you have said here in your several posts is that it really doesn't matter whether the terminus ad quem reflects the terminus a quo: something those disputing you disagree with entirely in principle. A translation--we say--is supposed to be just that, a translation, not a lovely work out of whole cloth by the would-be translator. And the only good translation is a literal translation. And that DOESN'T mean a wooden translation. I am amused that so many people add "slavish" to literal, as if a literal rendering of something must come off as stilted, stiff, and unbearably anachronistic.
You have stated before, Todd (on this thread, I think) that this liturgical project needs to be MORE THAN just a literal translation of the Latin. I think we all agree with you. Dr. Esolen and I both want a translation that is both literal AND beautiful; and it appears the new translation is moving us in that direction, though I imagine there is room for improvement. But it seems that what you are after is something that is less, not more, than a literal translation.
Posted by: ContraMundum | Jan 14, 2007 9:20:31 AM
James Altena:
It may interest you to know that the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation does not depend in the least upon the Aristotelian (or any philosophical) understanding of substance. This has been repeatedly stated by popes, e.g. by Paul VI in MYSTERIUM FIDEI and John Paul II in ECCLESIA DE EUCHARISTIA to name two recent examples. Paul VI states very clearly that it is a common-sense notion of substance, not any philosophical theory, that is at work when one talks of the substances of bread and Christ. Paul VI even states that the fact that "bread" is not a substance in the strict scientific sense is evidence that the term is used loosely--and that, in any event, what results in the Eucharistic sacrifice (viz., the substance of Christ) is all that is important for the use of this term.
Posted by: ContraMundum | Jan 14, 2007 9:32:37 AM
>>>And if I've been informed correctly by the Eastern Orthodox they do not hold that either (while they do hold to transubstantiation).<<<
It's usually an error to try to force Orthodox beliefs into Western categories. On this issue, I strongly recommend two taped lectures by Bishop Kallistos of Deiocleia:
WK-91-03 This Sacrifice Without Shedding of Blood
WK-91-04 (continued) What is sacrifice? Who offers what to whom? What is the relation of Eucharist to the cross?
Both available at: www.orthodoxtapes.org/catalog/ware_bishop_kallistos.html
I had the privilege to hear this lecture in person at St. Nicholas Orthodox Cathedral in Washington, as part of the Orientale Lumen Conference in 2000. Addison Hart reviewed the conference for Touchstone, in the archives at: www.touchstonemag.com/archives/article.php?id=13-08-048-r
Posted by: Stuart Koehl | Jan 14, 2007 10:41:22 AM
>It's usually an error to try to force Orthodox beliefs into Western categories.
True, but very human.
Posted by: David Gray | Jan 14, 2007 11:47:26 AM
>On this issue, I strongly recommend two taped lectures by Bishop Kallistos of Deiocleia:
>WK-91-03 This Sacrifice Without Shedding of Blood
>WK-91-04 (continued) What is sacrifice? Who offers what to whom? What is the relation of Eucharist to the cross?
Well I ordered the set on "Heaven on Earth: The Inner Meaning of the Divine Liturgy" Should be interesting...
Posted by: David Gray | Jan 14, 2007 11:55:44 AM
"The same goes for the second part. If one counts the Church of England as Protestant (as Mr. Martin presumably would), then both it and several Scandinavian Luthran churches were most careful to preserve episcopacy and apostolic succession."
Actually, one would have to reject the phrase "most careful" as regards the Church of Sweden, the only Lutheran Church (in Scandinavia or elsewhere) that claims to have preserved the apostolic succession of its bishops. To assert that the succession was preserved one would have to have to answer in the affirmative three questions: (1) when Paul Juusten was consecrated "after Luther's fashion" (as a contrmporary chronicler recorded) by a Lutheran-leading Swedish bishop in 1554 as Superintendent of Viborg -- King Gustav was in the process of abolishing the episcopate by stages and replacing bishops with (for the most part unconsecrated) "superintendents" (a process that was cut short by the king's death in 1560) -- was he really made a bishop; (2) if Paul Juusten participated in the consecration of Laurentius Petri Gothus as Archbishop of Uppsala on July 14, 1575 alongside three Swedish "bishops" (originally "superintendents") who themselves had received no form of episcopal consecration from bishops -- Juusten was present at the event, but the official record, while it does list him as "Gospeller" at it, lists only three bishops (or "bishops") as the archbishop's consecrators, of whom he was not listed as one -- and if he was really a bishop after all, would this suffice to effect a valid consecration of a bishop in the apostolic succession; and (3) even if one can give an affirmative to the preceding questions, would the form of episcopal consecration provided in the Swedish Church Order of 1571 -- a form which departs far more radically from the form provided in the Medieval Pontifical than does Cranmer's Ordinals of 1550 and 1552, and which contains a prefatory statement to the effect that bishops and presbyters are one order, and that bishops are presbyters who are entrusted with the task of ordaining and supervising other presbyters -- be sufficient to consecrate a bishop in the Catholic sense.
I have occasionally wondered whether the facts of the Swedish case were fully known to the Anglican bishops of the 1920 Lambeth Conference who recognized "Swedish Orders" and endorsed intercommunion between Anglican churches and the Church of Sweden.
Posted by: William Tighe | Jan 14, 2007 12:40:30 PM








